Stuart Mill Ensaio
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO AUTOR
Nome do Aluno
Pedro Góis Moreira
Número do Aluno
134709012
Licenciatura
Ciência Política
Ensaio sobre a obra “On Liberty” de John Stuart Mill
“(…) the opinion which it is attempted to suppress by authority may possibly be true. Those who desire to suppress it, of course deny its truth; but they are not infallible. They have no authority to decide the question for all mankind, and exclude every other person from the means of judging. To refuse a hearing to an opinion, because they are sure that it is false, is to assume that their certainty is the same thing as absolute certainty. All silencing of discussion is an assumption of infallibility. Its condemnation may be allowed to rest on this common argument, not the worse for being common. Unfortunately for the good sense of mankind, the fact of their fallibility is far from carrying the weight in their practical judgment, which is always allowed to it in theory; for while every one well knows himself to be fallible, few think it necessary to take any precautions against their own fallibility (…)”.
John Stuart Mill, On liberty1
Neste ensaio, vamos tentar esboçar uma definição da liberdade segundo Stuart Mill e o pensamento de alguns dos seus grandes “inimigos” (Marx, Comte e Kant). Abordaremos de seguida em que medida a filosofia racionalista desses pensadores é crítica das ideias de Mill. Numa segunda parte, veremos que a forma como Mill encara a sua visão da liberdade tem uma componente fundamental que os seus adversários não têm: uma grande humildade, decorrente da sua visão mais céptica da razão humana e da tradição inglesa.
A visão que Mill tem da liberdade pode ser resumida em poucas frases, senão uma: “The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it”2. Ou seja, a liberdade é a possibilidade de um