Ciência e saude

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The psychiatric reform in Brazil: a (re)view

Alice Hirdes 1

1

Universidade Luterana do
Brasil, Unidade
Universitária de Gravataí.
Av. Itacolomi 3.600, São
Vicente. 94170-240
Gravataí RS. [e-mail] Abstract This paper aims at contextualizing the
Brazilian Psychiatric Reform by reviewing theoretical and practical milestones in the country’s policies. Theses, dissertations, papers published in a database (Scielo), books on the theme, and official documents (conference reports, laws, bills) published between 1990 and 2007 were studied. The results show the advances and challenges of the Psychiatric Reform and point to the immediate need of a program for qualifying personnel; the need to use primary care, mainly the Family Health Program; the need to finance primary care; the adoption of the principles of the psychiatric reform; the need to individualize treatment, psychosocial rehabilitation; integrated care; and therapeutic project constructed collectively through the use of interdisciplinary and trans-disciplinary approaches, as well as constant assessment of the current practices. It is also pointed out that Reform projects are not homogeneous, i. e., practices happen according to the professionals’ theoretical conception. This means that there are general guidelines, but that they are subordinated to the specific settings where the practices are carried out.
Key words Mental health, Primary care, Mental health services, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation centers, Health services evaluation

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo contextualizar a reforma psiquiátrica brasileira, a partir da revisão dos marcos políticos, teóricos e práticos. Foram pesquisadas dissertações, teses, artigos em bases de dados (Scielo), livros sobre a temática e documentos oficiais (relatórios de conferências, leis, portarias) de 1990 a 2007. Os resultados evidenciam os avanços e desafios da reforma psiquiátrica, apontam para a necessidade