Tipler vol 1

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Chapter 1 Systems of Measurement
Conceptual Problems
*1 • Determine the Concept The fundamental physical quantities in the SI system include mass, length, and time. Force, being the product of mass and acceleration, is not a fundamental quantity. (c) is correct. 2 • Picture the Problem We can express and simplify the ratio of m/s to m/s2 to determine the final units. Express and simplify the ratio of m/s to m/s2:

m 2 s = m ⋅ s = s and (d ) is correct. m m ⋅s 2 s

3 • Determine the Concept Consulting Table 1-1 we note that the prefix giga means 109. (c ) is correct. 4 • Determine the Concept Consulting Table 1-1 we note that the prefix mega means 106. (d ) is correct. *5 • Determine the Concept Consulting Table 1-1 we note that the prefix pico means 10−12. (a ) is correct. 6 • Determine the Concept Counting from left to right and ignoring zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit, the last significant figure is the first digit that is in doubt. Applying this criterion, the three zeros after the decimal point are not significant figures, but the last zero is significant. Hence, there are four significant figures in this number.

(c) is correct.

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Chapter 1

7 • Determine the Concept Counting from left to right, the last significant figure is the first digit that is in doubt. Applying this criterion, there are six significant figures in this number. (e) is correct. 8 • Determine the Concept The advantage is that the length measure is always with you. The disadvantage is that arm lengths are not uniform; if you wish to purchase a board of ″two arm lengths″ it may be longer or shorter than you wish, or else you may have to physically go to the lumberyard to use your own arm as a measure of length. 9 • (a) True. You cannot add ″apples to oranges″ or a length (distance traveled) to a volume (liters of milk). (b) False. The distance traveled is the product of speed (length/time) multiplied by the time of travel