Matemáticos notáveis
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RemarkableMathematicians
From Euler to von Neumann
Ioan James
Mathematical Institute, Oxford
THE MATHEMATICAL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA
published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK
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´
Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa mathematical association of america
1529 Eighteenth St NW, Washington DC 20036, USA http://www.cambridge.org http://www.maa.org c Ioan James 2002
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Ioan James.
First published 2002
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A
Typeface Trump Mediaeval 9.25/13.5pt. System L TEX 2ε [dbd]
A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0 521 81777 3 hardback
ISBN 0 521 52094 0 paperback
Contents
Preface
Prologue
1
page xi xiii From Euler to Legendre
1
Leonhard Euler (1707–1783)
1
Jean-le-Rond d’Alembert (1717–1783)
8
Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736–1813)
14
Gaspard Monge (1746–1818)
20
Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827)
36
From Fourier to Cauchy
42
Joseph Fourier (1768–1830)
42
Sophie Germain (1776–1831)
2
28
Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752–1833)
47
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855)
69
Jean Victor Poncelet (1788–1867)
76
Augustin Cauchy (1789–1857)
81
From Abel to Grassmann
91
Niels Abel (1802–1829)
3
58
Simeon-Denis Poisson (1781–1840)
´
91
Carl Jacobi (1804–1851)
97
Lejeune Dirichlet (1805–1859)
William Rowan Hamilton (1805–1865)
109