Social class (classes sociais)

Social class is a set of concepts in the social sciences and political theory centered on models of social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories, Grant, J. Andrew (2001). Normally social class groups are defined on the basis of people’s job and income but it can be much more complicated than that. The aim of this essay is to discuss the methods of classify social classes and its importance.
Max Weber, a German sociologist born in 1864, brought to sociology the idea of “ideal types”, that consists in a hypothetical conception of the studied subject, maximized, which will be used to map the reality. It is an abstract assumption, commonly not expected to happen in a real scenario, but helpful to determine parameters to study. Weber himself wrote: "An ideal type is formed by the one-sided accentuation of one or more points of view and by the synthesis of a great many diffuse, discrete, more or less present and occasionally absent concrete individual phenomena, which are arranged according to those one-sidedly emphasized viewpoints into a unified analytical construct... "
Every sociologist, anthropologist or ethnologist when performing a study should make conclusions without using your own values and beliefs as parameter, judging others culture based on your own is called ethnocentrism. Cultural differences should not be considered right or wrong and this concept is known as “relativism”. The French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss published for UNESCO in 1952 after Second World War a study about racism, “Race and History” where he defends cultural differences and its mutual respect. “The development of human life is not everywhere the same but rather takes form in an extraordinary diversity of societies and civilizations.”
There is no consensus about the best way to measure social classes, for example to the philosopher Karl Marx class is determined by a combination of objective and subjective aspects.