RESUMO PAST PERFECT TENSE
A estrutura segue o modelo: pessoa + have/has been + verbo no gerúndio. I have been trying to find a better job. She has been calling her boyfriend since this morning.
Pode ser usado no lugar do Present Perfect, desde que a idéia a ser transmitida seja a mesma.
Compare:
Inglês Português (equivalente) I have been trying to find a better job. => Venho tentando encontrar um emprego melhor. I have tried to find a better job. => Tenho tentado encontrar um emprego melhor.
Para formar sentenças no Present Perfect Continuous, usamos as seguintes regras:
Afirmativa: have been verbing , has been verbing. => to have + to be Past Participle + verbo principal no gerúndio I have been doing many activities lately. She has been losing weight since she stopped eating too many sweets. We have been working together for many years.
Negativa: Acrescente "not" depois do verbo auxiliar. Has not been verbing, Have not been verbing I have not been doing this properly. She has not been talking to us.
Interrogativa: Inverta o sujeito e o verbo auxiliar. Where have you been going to school? Have you been doing your work properly?
Atenção para as expressões mais comuns que indicam este tempo verbal: lately, recently, since, for.
O past perfect é usado para expressar uma ação que ocorreu no passado antes de uma outra ação ter ocorrido. Esse tempo verbal é marcado pela forma:
Sujeito + had + verbo principal no particípio passado + complemento The movie had already started when I got home yesterday. (O filme já tinha começado quando eu cheguei em casa ontem).
Para a forma negativa basta acrescentar o “not” após o “had”; e para as frases interrogativas, inverter o “had”, colocando-o no início da frase, conforme a tabela abaixo:
Negativa
Interrogativa
I had not / I hadn’t
Had I…?
You had not / you hadn’t
Had you …?