Trabalho de ingles

and

WRITTEN

ENGLISH
Susan Conrad Douglas Biber Geoffrey Leech

Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM2O 2lE England and Associated Companies throughout the World. Visit our website: http://www.longman.com/dictionaries O Pearson Education Limited 2002 The rights of Susan Conrad, Douglas Biber, and Geoffrey Leech to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights resewed; no part of fhis publication m y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers. First published 2002 Third Impression 2003 Words that the editors have reason t o believe constitute trademarks have been described as such. However, neither the presence nor the absehce of such a description should be regarded as affecting the le status of any trademark. ISBN 0 582 539420 Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Pubtiration Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the BritishLibrary. Designed by Trait Design, Tiptree, Essex. Set in MetaPlus by Trait Design, Tiptree, Essex Printed in Great Britain by Ashford Colowr Press Ltd, Gosport, Hampshire.

Contents
Introduction
1 A discourse perspective on grammar

4

7
1 1

2 Words and word classes

3 Introduction to phrases and clauses
4

17 21 29 39
48

Nouns, pronouns, and the simple noun phrase

5 Verbs

6 Variation in the verb phrase: tense, aspect, voice, and modal use
7 Adjectives and adverbs
8 Exploringthe grammar of the clause

57

9 Complex noun phrases
10 Verb and adjective complement clauses
1 Adverbials 1

12 Word order choices 13' The grammar o f conversation Answers

Introduction
To the student
We designed