present perfect
O presente perfeito é marcado pela forma:
Sujeito + have/has + verbo principal no particípio + complemento.
Susan has been to England.
O presente perfeito pode ser usado para indicar:
1- Ações que começaram no passado e continuam até o presente.
Ex : She has worked at the hospital since April
Ex : I have exercised at the gym lately.
Ex : They have organized their wedding.
Para formar a estrutura do Present Perfect, utilizamos o verbo auxiliar have/has, mas se o verbo forregular, o verbo principal estará no particípio passado, ou seja, a mesma forma do verbo no Passado Simples, acrescentando –ed; se o verbo for irregular, o verbo principal deve estar no particípio passado, não seguindo assim nenhuma regra, devendo ser consultado ou memorizado.
2- Ações que ocorreram em um tempo não determinado (indefinido) no passado.
Ex : I have been to the U.S.A. Ex : She has traveled to England. Ex : You have made a delicious apple pie.
3- Ações que acabaram de acontecer.
Ex : They have just left.
Ex : Jane has just made the lunch.
Ex : Jane has just made the lunch.
Para as frases negativas, basta acrescentar o “not” após “have/has”. E nas frases interrogativas, basta colocar o “have/has” no início da frase.
Negativa
Interrogativa
I have not / I haven’t
Have I …?
You have not / you haven’t
Have you…?
He has not / he hasn’t
Has he…?
She has not / she hasn’t
Has she…?
It has not / it hasn’t
Has it…?
We have not / we haven’t
Have we…?
You have not / you haven’t
Have you…?
They have not / they haven’t
Have they…?
Ex.: She hasn’t