Geradores de vapor superaquecidos

Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques and Nitrogen Injection
Bandar Duraya Al-Anazi
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Introduction
The present state of modern industrial development is characterized by the consumption of enormous quantities of petroleum. It is not used simply for the production of various fuels and lubricants; with each passing year more and more petroleu m is u se d for man ufa ct uri ng sy nthe tic ru b b e r, synthetic fibers, plastics, drugs, and thousands of other products. While demand for petroleum products continuous to rise, petroleum production worldwide is in a steady decline.
However, new developments in technology and the rise in world oil prices give promise that substantial portions of otherwise neglected oil can be recovered. These new technical developments fall under the broad heading of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Enhanced oil recovery is a collection of general methods, each with its own unique capability to extract the most oil from a particular reservoir. Each has been investigated rather thoroughly both from a theoretical and laboratory perspective, as well as in the field.
Over the years, interest in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been tempered by the increase in oil reserves and production.
Many techniques have been investigated in the laboratory and the field for improving oil recovery. Historically the discovery of major oil fields in the world added large volumes of oil to the worldwide market. In addition, estima tes o f re se r ves fro m res ervoirs in the M id dl e Eas t increased significantly, leading to the expectation that the oil supply would be plentiful. Although large volumes of oil remain in mature reservoirs, the oil will not be produced in large quantities by EOR processes unless these processes can compete economically with the cost of oil production from conventional sources. Thus, as reservoirs age, a dichotomy exists between the desire to preserve producing wells