Cell division

Cytology Final

1. Biology as science of life
1. General Characters of biology as a science - scientific study of living organisms, plants and animals - ‘bios’ mean life and ‘logos’ means thought, discourse of reasoning - Botany : study of plans - Zoology : study of animals - Microbiology : embrances that vast assembly of microorganisms, many of which do not fit neatly into either animal world or the world of plants
2. Subject-matter of biology - all living organisms of our planet. Their structure, function, physiological process, interaction between each other and with encironment, origin and evolution mater, its reproduction and development
3. Main Goals of biology - to study natural law, principle, mechanism of life that is living organism - to know the essence of life and to be able to control the continuity of life
4. Method of biology - observation : ancient method. Description of plants, animals and biological processes. New it is used in botany and zoology - comparative : serve to compare the living organism, their structure and function and make conclusion - histolycal : serve to compare the living organism during the time. Used by Darwin - experimental
5. History of biology

2. Bio as science of life - Morphology : form and structure of organisms - Physiology : working and function of organs - Ecology : relations of living things to their environment - Taxonomy : laws and principles of a natural classification of organism - Evolution : study of origin, differentiation and interrelationship of organism

3. Bio as science of life - Genetic : study which accounts for resemblance and differences in the offspring - Molecular bio : study of living thing in term of Physic and Chemistry - Radiation Bio : effects of invisible rays and radiation on the living organism - Space Bio : space travel and its problem affecting the main and other organism on planets - Toxicology : study of