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O século XVI, econômica e politicamente, caracterizou-se por seu aspecto revolucionário, cujos reflexos se expandiram no pensamento e na estética. Em consequência, surgiu uma nova visão do homem. A exaltação do valor humano, como meio e finalidade, fundamentou o chamado Humanismo Renascentista, que perseguida o ideal de reviver a Antiguidade clássica, considerada um modelo uniforme.
Embora os humanistas julgassem os séculos que os prece¬deram obscuros e bárbaros, é necessário lembrar que o hu¬manismo percorreu caminhos inovadores e fecundos, calcados no passado medieval. Portanto a revolução espiritual e artística do século XVI apoiou-se, sem dúvida, em realizações anteriores.

1. O Humanismo
Fala-se em humanismo sempre que o valor fundamental de uma doutrina é a pessoa humana, o sentimento, a origina¬lidade e a superioridade do homem sobre as forças obscuras da natureza.
Essa palavra, entretanto, possuí uma conotação históri¬ca, localizada no tempo e no espaço: designa um movimento estético, filosófico e religioso que, preparado pelas correntes do pensamento medieval, surgiu na Itália no século XV e