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Subprime

What it is
• O termo deriva de prime lending rate - a taxa de juros contratada com os tomadores mais confiáveis. • Assim, prime lending designa o crédito concedido aos tomadores confiáveis e subprime lending refere-se ao crédito dado àqueles tomadores que têm maior risco (ex: sem trabalho e sem bens)

How it Started
• Mercado Hipotecário nos USA U.S.'s $12 trillion
• Onde se vai buscar dinheiro para todos estes empréstimos? • À Banca, que por sua vez tem que o ir buscar a algum lado para emprestar

How it Started
• Aparece em cena a
• Fannie Mae - Federal National Mortgage Association
• Dá ao mercado hipotecário liquidez para os bancos emprestarem dinheiro às pessoas/entidades
• Freddie Mac - Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation
• Tem o mesmo trabalho que a anterior e foi criada para criar concorrência no secondary mortgage market
• Estas duas companhias representam cerca de 50% do mercado hipotecário dos EUA (são donas ou garantem os empréstimos respectivos)

How it Started
• Para puderem injectar mais dinheiro estas empresas usam (MBS e CMBS)
• Mortgage-backed security (MBS)
• Pacote com um conjunto de empréstimos que permite libertarem o dinheiro “preso” nos mesmos para injectar mais liquidez no mercado (usada para emprétimos a andares e vivendas, etc)
• Commercial mortgage-backed securities
(CMBS)
• Igual ao de cima mas usado em empréstimos para aquisição de prédios, hotéis, escolas.

How it Started
• Os MBS e CMBS são então agrupados em CDO’s que são comprados por bancos de investimento, fundos e desta forma permitir que qualquer pessoa/entidade possa investir neles com um retorno teoricamente garantido e de baixo risco.
• A Fannie Mae e a Freddy Mac garantem que os pagamento serão feitos mesmo que quem pediu o empréstimo deixe de os pagar (visto elas serem donos dos imóveis)
• Os CDO (collateralized debt obligations) são criados por bancos e seguradoras que compram portofolio de divida as

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