Bioterrorism

WORKING PAPER Bioterrorism and Biocrimes
The Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900
W. Seth Carus

August 1998 (February 2001 Revision)

Center for Counterproliferation Research National Defense University Washington, D.C.

Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Defense University, the Department of Defense, or any other U.S. Government agency. This study documents numerous instances in which someone claimed that individuals or groups engaged in criminal conduct. The sources of the allegations are documented in the text. Every effort has been made to distinguish between instances in which the alleged conduct led to criminal convictions and those that were never authoritatively proven. This is a work in progress. The author welcomes comments, especially those that correct errors, identify additional cases for research, or identify additional sources of information on any of the existing cases. Because additional research can change conclusions based on this data, the author encourages readers to contact him before they use of any of the data discussed in this manuscript. Please direct comments to the following address: Dr. W. Seth Carus Center for Counterproliferation Research National Defense University Fort McNair, Building 62, Room 211 Washington, D.C. 20319-6000 Voice: 202-685-2242 Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail]

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Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... III PREFACE .............................................................................................................................................. V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... VII PART I: BIOTERRORISM IN