Biodiesel

Química Nova

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Quím. Nova vol.32 no.3 São Paulo 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000300022 ARTIGO

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Cadeia do biodiesel da bancada à indústria: uma visão geral com prospecção de tarefas e oportunidades para P&D&I
Biodiesel chain from the lab bench to the industry: an overview with technology assesment, R&D&I opportunities and tasks

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Cristina M. Quintella*; Leonardo S. G. Teixeira; Maria Graças A. Korn; Pedro R. Costa Neto#; Ednildo A. Torres; Marilu P. Castro; Carlos A. C. Jesus Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador - BA, Brasil

ABSTRACT

Contextualized overview of the Biodiesel Production Chain, from the lab bench to the industry, with critical evaluation of state-of-art and technological development through scientific articles and patents, focusing feedstock, reaction/production, first and second generation processes, specification and quality, transport, storage, co-products (effluents and sub-products), and emissions. Challenges are identified and solutions are proposed based on the Brazilian feedstock, edaphoclimatic conditions, process monitoring in remote regions, state policy, and environment preservation, among others. Forecasts are made based on the technology assessment, identifying future trends and opportunities for R&D&I. Keywords: biofuels production chain; technology assessment; forecasting.

INTRODUÇÃO
A cadeia produtiva do biodiesel pode ser vista de modo integrado (Figura 1) compreendendo matérias-primas insumos, reação (transformação), processo de produção e purificação, controle de qualidade, transporte, armazenamento e estocagem, coprodutos (efluentes e subprodutos), uso e emissões. A Química